# 8½

> 1963 film directed by Federico Fellini

**Wikidata**: [Q12018](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12018)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8½)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/812

## Summary
**8½** is a 1963 Italian surrealist drama film directed by Federico Fellini, widely regarded as one of the most influential works in cinema history. It is a defining example of autofictional cinema, exploring the psyche of its protagonist, a filmmaker facing creative and personal crises. The film is classified as a **drama film** with elements of **comedy drama** and **fantasy film**, and is recognized for its innovative narrative structure and dreamlike visual storytelling.

## Key Facts
- **Title**: 8½ (also known as *Otto e mezzo*)
- **Release Dates**: First released on February 14, 1963; additional release dates include May 23, 1963, and June 24, 1963.
- **Director**: Federico Fellini
- **Country of Origin**: Italy, France
- **Production Company**: Cineriz
- **Genre**: Drama film, Comedy drama, Fantasy film
- **Runtime**: 138 minutes
- **IMDb ID**: tt0056801
- **Awards**: Recipient of the National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film.
- **Influences**: Heavily influenced by Carl Jung's theories on the unconscious, archetypes, and individuation.
- **Cultural Impact**: Included in the Vatican's list of films.
- **Cast and Crew**: Features iconic performances and direction by Federico Fellini, a pioneer of surreal and neorealist cinema.
- **Narrative Style**: Blends reality with dream sequences and psychological introspection.
- **Legacy**: Frequently studied in film theory and film studies for its narrative innovation and psychological depth.

## FAQs
### What is 8½ about?
8½ is a semi-autobiographical film that follows Guido Anselmi, a film director struggling with creative block and personal dilemmas. The narrative weaves between reality and dreamlike sequences, reflecting Guido's internal conflicts, relationships, and artistic frustrations.

### What genre is 8½?
8½ is primarily classified as a **drama film**, but it also incorporates elements of **comedy drama** and **fantasy film**, particularly through its surreal and dreamlike sequences that reflect the protagonist's inner world.

### What awards did 8½ win?
8½ won the **National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Language Film** and was honored with the **Academy Award for Best International Feature Film**.

### What is the runtime of 8½?
The film has a runtime of **138 minutes**.

### What is the cultural or academic significance of 8½?
8½ is significant for its innovative narrative structure, blending of dream and reality, and psychological depth. It is studied in **film theory**, **film studies**, and the **sociology of film** for its influence on cinematic storytelling and its exploration of the human psyche.

### What is the influence of Carl Jung on 8½?
Carl Jung's concepts of the unconscious, archetypes, and individuation are evident in the film’s structure and themes. Fellini uses surreal sequences to explore the protagonist's mental and emotional state, drawing on Jungian psychology to depict internal conflict.

### What is the production company of 8½?
The film was produced by **Cineriz**, an Italian production company.

### What is the connection between 8½ and the Vatican?
8½ is included in the **Vatican's list of films**, recognizing its cultural and artistic importance.

## Why It Matters
8½ matters because it redefined modern cinema by introducing a new form of narrative that blurred the lines between reality and dreams. It is a landmark in **surrealist cinema** and has influenced generations of filmmakers and artists. The film is studied globally in **film theory** and **film studies** for its psychological depth and narrative innovation. Its exploration of the unconscious, inspired by **Carl Jung**, makes it a cornerstone in the study of cinematic psychology and human emotion. The film's influence extends beyond cinema into literature, art, and philosophy, making it a vital work in 20th-century cultural history.

## Notable For
- Being one of the most **psychologically complex** films ever made.
- Winning the **Academy Award for Best International Feature Film** and the **National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Language Film**.
- Influenced by **Carl Jung's** psychological theories, especially those concerning the unconscious and archetypes.
- Being included in the **Vatican's list of films**.
- Directed by **Federico Fellini**, a pioneer of surrealist and neorealist cinema.
- Blending **drama**, **comedy**, and **fantasy** elements into a cohesive narrative.
- Featuring a runtime of **138 minutes**.
- Being produced by **Cineriz**.
- Incorporating **dream sequences** that reflect the protagonist's inner psyche.
- Being a subject of study in **film theory**, **film studies**, and the **sociology of film**.

## Body
### History and Context
8½ was released in 1963 and directed by **Federico Fellini**, one of the most influential filmmakers in cinema history. The film is semi-autobiographical, drawing from Fellini's own life as a filmmaker facing creative and personal crises. It is considered a masterpiece of **surrealist cinema**, where the protagonist, Guido Anselmi, is caught between reality and dreamlike sequences that reflect his internal struggles.

### Production and Awards
The film was produced by **Cineriz**, an Italian film production company. It won the **National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Language Film** and was honored with the **Academy Award for Best International Feature Film**. These awards underscore the film's international acclaim and its artistic and narrative innovation.

### Narrative and Themes
The narrative of 8½ is deeply psychological, exploring the protagonist's mental state through a blend of reality and dream. The film is influenced by **Carl Jung's** theories on the unconscious, archetypes, and individuation. This influence is evident in the film's structure, where dream sequences serve as a window into the protagonist's psyche.

### Cultural and Academic Impact
8½ is included in the **Vatican's list of films**, highlighting its cultural significance. It is studied in **film theory**, **film studies**, and the **sociology of film** for its innovative narrative structure and psychological depth. The film's exploration of the unconscious and its use of dream sequences have made it a subject of academic inquiry and cultural analysis.

### Related Entities and Connections
- **Federico Fellini**: The film's director, known for pioneering surreal and neorealist cinema.
- **Carl Jung**: Influenced the film's psychological themes, particularly the concepts of the unconscious and archetypes.
- **Cineriz**: The production company behind 8½.
- **Vatican's list of films**: A curated list that includes 8½, recognizing its cultural and artistic importance.
- **Film Theory and Studies**: The film is a key subject in these disciplines due to its narrative complexity and psychological themes.

### Legacy and Influence
8½'s legacy is evident in its continued study and influence on filmmakers and artists. Its blend of reality and dream sequences, influenced by Carl Jung's theories, has made it a cornerstone in the exploration of cinematic psychology. The film's impact extends beyond cinema into literature, art, and philosophy, making it a vital work in 20th-century cultural history.

## References

1. AlloCiné
2. [Source](http://stopklatka.pl/film/osiem-i-pol)
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10. The Movie Database
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18. [IMDb](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056801/releaseinfo)
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24. [Source](https://www.kijkwijzer.nl/films/otto-e-mezzo/)
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26. [Source](https://www.kijkwijzer.nl/films/8-1-2-1/)
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32. [Source](http://cnc.abt.ro/registru/index.aspx?pageID=3&filmID=14580)
33. Bechdel Test Movie List
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39. Virtual Study of Theatre Institute