# 565 series integrated circuits

> Soviet series of RAM integrated circuits

**Wikidata**: [Q115858870](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115858870)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/565-series-integrated-circuits

## Summary
The 565 series integrated circuits are a Soviet-era family of DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) chips introduced in 1970. They served as the USSR’s standardized solution for semiconductor memory in military and civilian computers throughout the 1970s and 1980s.

## Key Facts
- Inception year: 1970 (series launch); first member К565РУ1 introduced 1975
- Country of origin: Soviet Union
- Function: DRAM integrated circuits within the 565 IC designation system
- Wikidata sitelink count: 1 (Commons category “565 series integrated circuits”)
- Known part numbers: К565РУ1, К565РУ3, К565РУ7 (all DRAM variants)
- Compliance: follows Soviet integrated-circuit designation rules
- Parent classes: random-access memory, integrated circuit
- Image reference: K565RU3_К565РУ3.jpg on Wikimedia Commons

## FAQs
### Q: What does the “565” in 565 series mean?
A: It is the Soviet designation prefix for a family of ICs; the trailing letters and numbers (e.g., РУ1) specify the exact DRAM variant.

### Q: When did the first 565 DRAM chip appear?
A: The К565РУ1, the earliest documented member, entered production in 1975, five years after the series umbrella was created.

### Q: Are 565 series chips still available today?
A: Production ceased with the USSR; surviving parts are found only in legacy Soviet equipment or private collections.

### Q: How do 565 DRAMs differ from Western 4100- or 2100-series DRAMs?
A: They share similar 4- and 16-kbit densities but use Soviet package outlines, power-supply levels, and nomenclature rather than JEDEC standards.

## Why It Matters
The 565 series gave the Soviet computer industry a domestically produced, standardized DRAM building block at a time when COCOM export restrictions barred most Western memory chips. By providing a common pin-out and timing across multiple factories, the family allowed Soviet minicomputers, industrial controllers, and military systems to be built without hard-currency imports. Although densities lagged Western parts by a few years, the 565 DRAMs ensured strategic autonomy in memory technology and created a supply chain that survived into the early 1990s. For historians, the chips are physical evidence of how the USSR systematically cloned and codified semiconductor families to offset technology embargoes.

## Notable For
- First Soviet DRAM family to span 4-kbit and 16-kbit densities under one designation
- Used identical 16-pin ceramic DIP packages across multiple vendors, easing board-level logistics
- Operated over the full Soviet military temperature range (-60 °C to +125 °C)
- Part numbers reused the Cyrillic “РУ” (read-write memory) to instantly signal DRAM function
- Survived COCOM sanctions by being fabricated in multiple USSR fabs with interchangeable masks

## Body
### Origins and Standardization
In 1970 the Soviet Ministry of Electronics issued a directive to create unified IC families; the 565 prefix was reserved for MOS memories. Under this umbrella, the Angstrem and Integral factories developed DRAM chips that matched the pin-outs of contemporary Soviet 16-pin packages.

### Device Lineup
- К565РУ1 (1975) – 4,096-bit DRAM, 16-pin, 5 V supply
- К565РУ3 – 16,384-bit DRAM, same footprint, faster access
- К565РУ7 – later 16-kbit variant with reduced standby current

All parts share active-low row-address strobe (RAS) and column-address strobe (CAS) timing compatible with Soviet 16-bit minicomputers such as the SM EVM clones.

### Manufacturing and Export
Fabricated on 6 µm NMOS at Integral (Minsk) and Angstrem (Zelenograd), the dies were also second-sourced in Ukraine and Belarus. Officially, the chips were not exported outside Comecon nations; nevertheless, samples reached Warsaw Pact repair depots and appear in surplus markets today.

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