# 3D printer

> machine that uses additive manufacturing to create tridimensional objects

**Wikidata**: [Q3834994](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3834994)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printer)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/3d-printer

## Summary
A 3D printer is a machine that uses additive manufacturing to create tridimensional objects. Classified as a computer peripheral and a tool for production engineering, it functions by building physical items layer by layer based on digital designs.

## Key Facts
- 3D printers are a subclass of printers (computer peripherals) and production engineering.
- The Darwin was the first RepRap 3D printer model.
- Common manufacturing methods include Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF).
- The Prusa i3 and Prusa Mini are notable Czech open-source FDM printers.
- The Printess is a low-cost, open-source 3D bioprinter established in 2024.
- The Voron 2.4 is a CoreXY 3D printer featuring open-source code and hardware.
- The Google Product Taxonomy ID for 3D printers is 6865, categorized under Electronics > Print, Copy, Scan & Fax.
- The technology is identified in the Art & Architecture Thesaurus by ID 300391466 and the Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging by ID 6601.

## FAQs
### Q: What is the primary function of a 3D printer?
A: A 3D printer uses additive manufacturing to create tridimensional objects. It acts as a computer peripheral that translates digital text or graphics into physical three-dimensional forms.

### Q: What was the first RepRap 3D printer?
A: The Darwin is recognized as the first RepRap 3D printer. It served as the foundation for a wide range of subsequent open-source models, including the Mendel and Prusa series.

### Q: What are some common types of 3D printers?
A: Common types include Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printers like the Prusa i3 and CoreXY models like the Voron 2.4. Specialized versions also exist, such as the Printess bioprinter and the Holliger, which functions as both a 3D printer and a CNC mill.

## Why It Matters
3D printers represent a significant advancement in production engineering by enabling additive manufacturing. Unlike traditional subtractive methods, these machines build objects from the ground up, allowing for the creation of complex tridimensional structures that might be difficult to produce otherwise. The technology has fostered a massive open-source community, particularly through the RepRap project, which includes models like the Darwin, Mendel, and Prusa i3. This open-source nature has lowered the barrier to entry, leading to innovations like the Printess bioprinter and low-cost models for home and industrial use. By serving as a versatile computer peripheral, 3D printers have expanded the capabilities of digital fabrication across various industries, from electronics to biotechnology.

## Notable For
- **RepRap Project:** A lineage of open-source printers including the Darwin (the first), Mendel, and Huxley.
- **Prusa Research:** Developers of the Prusa i3 and Prusa Mini, which are prominent Czech open-source FDM printers.
- **Hybrid Capabilities:** Certain models, such as the Holliger, combine 3D printing with CNC milling.
- **Specialized Applications:** The Printess model specifically targets low-cost, open-source 3D bioprinting.

## Body
### Classification and Function
A 3D printer is a machine categorized under production engineering and is a subclass of the printer family. It operates as a computer peripheral designed to create tridimensional objects through additive manufacturing. Technical schematics for components like the extruder are standardized in the industry.

### RepRap and Open Source Models
The RepRap project has produced a wide variety of 3D printer classes and models:
- **Darwin:** The inaugural RepRap 3D printer.
- **Mendel Series:** Includes the Sells Mendel, Prusa Mendel, and Mendel Rostock.
- **Prusa i3 and Mini:** Czech-developed open-source printers utilizing Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF).
- **Voron 2.4:** A CoreXY printer known for its open-source hardware and code.
- **Other RepRap Models:** Huxley, Fisher, Kossel, Wolfy, and RepRap Morgan.

### Technical Variations
Printers utilize different mechanical and functional designs to achieve tridimensional output:
- **FDM/FFF:** Fused Deposition Modelling is a standard industry method used by the Prusa i3 and Prusa Mini.
- **Delta-style:** A specific configuration used for large-scale printing.
- **CoreXY:** A motion system utilized by the Voron 2.4.
- **Bioprinting:** The Printess is a specialized 3D bioprinter introduced in 2024.
- **Hangprinter:** A unique class of 3D printer designed for suspended printing.
- **Hybrid Machines:** The Holliger model functions as both a RepRap 3D printer and a CNC mill.

### Industry Identifiers
The 3D printer is recognized globally through various classification systems:
- **Google Product Taxonomy:** 6865 (Electronics > Print, Copy, Scan & Fax > 3D Printers).
- **Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging:** 6601.
- **Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID:** 300391466.
- **Subreddit:** 3dprinter.

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## References

1. [Source](https://hedendaagsesieraden.nl/2020/10/04/3d-printen/)
2. [Source](https://www.pcguide.com/3d-printer/)
3. YSO-Wikidata mapping project
4. General Finnish Ontology
5. YSA - General Finnish Thesaurus