# 25 de Novembro

> creative work by Pedro Barbosa

**Wikidata**: [Q132204047](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132204047)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/25-de-novembro

## Summary
**25 de Novembro** is a creative work and software application created by Pedro Barbosa in 1977. Developed using the Fortran programming language, it functions as a computational literary work that relies on the software **PERMUTA**. The work is distributed as printed matter and is written in Portuguese.

## Key Facts
*   **Author:** Pedro Barbosa
*   **Publication Date:** 1977
*   **Instance of:** Creative work, Application (software program)
*   **Programming Language:** Fortran
*   **Dependency:** Relies on the software **PERMUTA**
*   **Distribution Format:** Printed matter
*   **Language:** Portuguese
*   **ELMCIP ID:** 10484

## FAQs

### Q: What type of work is 25 de Novembro?
A: It is classified as both a creative work and a software application. It is a computer program written in Fortran designed to generate or display content for end-users.

### Q: Who created 25 de Novembro and when was it published?
A: The work was authored by Pedro Barbosa and was published in 1977.

### Q: What software or technology is required to run 25 de Novembro?
A: The work is dependent on a specific software environment or program known as **PERMUTA** and was originally written in the Fortran programming language.

## Why It Matters
**25 de Novembro** serves as a significant historical artifact in the intersection of computer science and literature. Created in 1977, it represents an early adoption of the Fortran programming language—originally intended for general-purpose scientific computing—for artistic and literary ends. By classifying the entity simultaneously as an "application" and a "creative work," it highlights the evolution of digital literature and the use of algorithms (specifically the PERMUTA software) to generate or manipulate text.

The work is a notable example of early computational creativity in the Portuguese language. Its distribution as "printed matter" suggests a bridge between digital processes and physical media, characteristic of early computer poetry and generative art. Pedro Barbosa's contribution through this work helps document the history of electronic literature and the technical capabilities available to artists during the late 1970s.

## Notable For
*   **Early Computational Literature:** An example of using computer programming for creative writing in the 1970s.
*   **Hybrid Classification:** Distinctly categorized as both a functional software application and a creative artistic work.
*   **Technical Foundation:** Built on Fortran, a foundational high-level programming language dating back to 1957.
*   **Specific Software Dependency:** Notable for its reliance on the specific software **PERMUTA**.

## Body

### Authorship and Publication
**25 de Novembro** was authored by **Pedro Barbosa**, a figure associated with electronic literature and creative computing. The work was officially published in **1977**. It is indexed in the Electronic Literature as a Model of Creativity and Innovation in Practice (ELMCIP) knowledge base under the ID **10484**.

### Technical Specifications
The application serves as a software program designed for end-users but functions primarily as a creative vessel.
*   **Programming Language:** The software is written in **Fortran**, a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Its use here demonstrates the versatility of early scientific tools in artistic contexts.
*   **Software Dependencies:** The execution or functionality of *25 de Novembro* explicitly depends on the software **PERMUTA**.

### Format and Language
The work is identified by the following distribution and linguistic properties:
*   **Medium:** Unlike purely digital files, the distribution format is listed as **printed matter**, implying that the output of the computer program was physically printed for consumption.
*   **Language:** The content of the work is in **Portuguese**.