# 202 series integrated circuits

> Soviet series of hybrid DTL logic circuits

**Wikidata**: [Q115791882](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115791882)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/202-series-integrated-circuits

## Summary
The 202 series integrated circuits are a Soviet model series of hybrid diode–transistor logic (DTL) circuits introduced around 1960. Manufactured by Exiton, these miniaturized electronic circuits were primarily utilized in computer systems and industrial automation, including the "Tropa" system.

## Key Facts
*   **Classification:** The series is classified as a hybrid integrated circuit and utilizes diode–transistor logic (DTL).
*   **Inception:** The technology dates back to 1960.
*   **Manufacturer:** The series was produced by the manufacturer Exiton.
*   **Applications:** Primary uses included computers, industrial automation, and the specific system known as "Tropa."
*   **Aliases:** The series is also known by the designations 1МД40-1МД46 and Тропа-3 (Tropa-3).
*   **Related Series:** It is related to the 215 series integrated circuits, which consists of Soviet hybrid analogue circuits.
*   **Standard:** The naming complies with the Soviet integrated circuit designation system.

## FAQs
### Q: What type of logic family do 202 series integrated circuits use?
A: The 202 series utilizes diode–transistor logic (DTL), a class of digital circuits that was a precursor to transistor-transistor logic (TTL).

### Q: Who manufactured the 202 series integrated circuits?
A: These circuits were manufactured by an entity known as Exiton within the Soviet Union.

### Q: What distinguishes the 202 series from the 215 series?
A: While both are Soviet hybrid integrated circuit series, the 202 series is designed for DTL logic circuits, whereas the related 215 series is designed for analogue circuits.

## Why It Matters
The 202 series integrated circuits represent a specific era of Soviet electronic engineering, specifically the transition toward miniaturized hybrid technologies in the early 1960s. As a hybrid integrated circuit, it combined different semiconductor devices and passive components on a single substrate, a crucial step in the evolution from discrete components to modern monolithic integrated circuits.

This series is significant for its role in early computing and industrial automation within the Soviet bloc. By adhering to the Soviet integrated circuit designation standard, the 202 series helped standardize electronic design, facilitating the maintenance and scalability of complex systems like the "Tropa." Its existence highlights the parallel development of semiconductor technology outside of Western markets, specifically tailored for the robust requirements of Soviet industrial and computing infrastructure.

## Notable For
*   **Hybrid Architecture:** Combining different semiconductor devices and passive components on a substrate rather than using a purely monolithic structure.
*   **Early Adoption:** With an inception year of 1960, it represents an early adoption of integrated circuit technology in the Soviet electronics industry.
*   **Industrial Application:** Unlike circuits designed solely for consumer electronics, this series was targeted at industrial automation and general-purpose computing.
*   **Nomenclature Standard:** It serves as a distinct example of the Soviet integrated circuit designation system (the "202" prefix).

## Body

### Technical Classification
The 202 series is defined as a **hybrid integrated circuit**. Unlike monolithic integrated circuits where all components are fabricated on a single piece of semiconductor material, hybrid circuits involve attaching individual semiconductor devices and passive components to a substrate. This series specifically employs **diode–transistor logic (DTL)**, a logic family that uses diodes for the logic gating function and a transistor for amplification.

### Historical Context and Manufacturing
The series was established in **1960**. It was manufactured by **Exiton**, a producer within the Soviet Union. The components were designed to comply with the official **Soviet integrated circuit designation** system, ensuring consistency across the USSR's electronics industry.

### Applications and Usage
The 202 series was developed for high-reliability environments.
*   **General Computing:** Used as core logic elements in general-purpose computers.
*   **Industrial Automation:** Applied in automated industrial processes requiring robust logic control.
*   **Tropa System:** The series is explicitly associated with a system designated **"Tropa"** (and alias **Тропа-3**), suggesting its use in a specialized computing or control architecture.

### Identification
Components in this series may be identified by the prefix "202" or by specific aliases such as **1МД40-1МД46**. Visual identification is often aided by the specific packaging associated with Soviet hybrid circuits of that era.

### Related Technologies
The 202 series is part of a broader ecosystem of Soviet electronics. It is closely related to the **215 series integrated circuits**, which shares the "hybrid" classification but differs in function as an analogue circuit rather than a digital logic circuit. Both series serve as examples of the "integrated circuit series" class—models sharing the same part prefix and design philosophy.