# 201 series integrated circuits

> Soviet series of hybrid DTL logic circuits

**Wikidata**: [Q115791878](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115791878)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/201-series-integrated-circuits

## Summary
The 201 series integrated circuits are a Soviet series of hybrid Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL) circuits combining different semiconductor devices and passive components on a substrate. Developed by Angstrem and NPP Pulsar, this series entered industrial manufacturing in 1967 and was primarily produced by Exiton until 1991.

## Key Facts
- The 201 series is classified as a hybrid integrated circuit, which combines different semiconductor devices and passive components on a substrate.
- Research on the series began in 1962, with prototypes created in 1964 and industrial manufacturing starting in 1967.
- The series was developed by both Angstrem (also known as НИИ точной технологии) and NPP Pulsar (also known as НИИ-35), with the latter responsible specifically for the transistor component.
- Primary manufacturer was Exiton, producing the circuits from 1967 until 1991, with Billur also manufacturing them.
- The series is known by the alias "Тропа-1" and was used in systems such as Argon (Аргон-1) and OTR-21 Tochka.
- These circuits comply with Soviet integrated circuit designation standards and use "Tropa" technology.
- The 201 series belongs to the integrated circuit series class and is a subclass of both resistor–transistor logic and hybrid integrated circuits.

## FAQs
### Q: What are the 201 series integrated circuits?
A: The 201 series integrated circuits are a Soviet series of hybrid Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL) circuits that combine different semiconductor devices and passive components on a substrate. They represent an early Soviet development in integrated circuit technology.

### Q: When were the 201 series integrated circuits developed and manufactured?
A: Research on the 201 series began in 1962, with prototypes created in 1964. Industrial manufacturing started in 1967 and was primarily handled by Exiton until 1991, with Billur also manufacturing them.

### Q: What systems used the 201 series integrated circuits?
A: The 201 series was used in various Soviet systems, including the Argon (also known as Аргон-1) system and the OTR-21 Tochka mobile tactical ballistic missile system.

### Q: Who developed the 201 series integrated circuits?
A: The 201 series was developed by two organizations: Angstrem (also known as НИИ точной технологии) and NPP Pulsar (also known as НИИ-35), with the latter specifically responsible for the transistor component.

### Q: What technology does the 201 series use?
A: The 201 series uses Tropa technology and is based on Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL), an early form of logic circuit using diodes and transistors for digital signal processing.

## Why It Matters
The 201 series integrated circuits represent an important milestone in Soviet electronics development, showcasing the country's efforts to establish domestic integrated circuit manufacturing capabilities. As hybrid DTL circuits, they played a crucial role in early Soviet computer and missile systems, particularly in the OTR-21 Tochka tactical missile system and the Argon system. The series demonstrates the transition from discrete components to miniaturized electronic solutions in Soviet technology during the Cold War era. The fact that it remained in production from 1967 until 1991 indicates its reliability and importance in Soviet military and electronic applications.

## Notable For
- Being one of the earliest Soviet series of hybrid integrated circuits to reach industrial-scale production.
- Its long production lifespan, with Exiton manufacturing the circuits from 1967 until 1991, demonstrating their enduring reliability.
- Application in strategic systems like the OTR-21 Tochka mobile tactical ballistic missile system.
- Development by both Angstrem and NPP Pulsar, reflecting the collaborative Soviet approach to technological advancement.
- The series' compliance with Soviet integrated circuit designation standards, contributing to standardization in Soviet electronics manufacturing.

## Body
### Overview
The 201 series integrated circuits are a Soviet series of hybrid Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL) circuits that combine different semiconductor devices and passive components on a substrate. As an integrated circuit series, they share the same part prefix and represent a standardized approach to digital circuit design in the Soviet Union.

### Development History
- Research on the 201 series began in 1962, with prototypes created in 1964.
- Industrial manufacturing commenced in 1967, marking the transition from research to practical application.
- The development was carried out by two main organizations:
  - Angstrem, also known as НИИ точной технологии (Precision Technology Research Institute)
  - NPP Pulsar, also known as НИИ-35, which specifically contributed the transistor component

### Manufacturing and Production
- Primary manufacturer: Exiton, which produced the circuits from 1967 until 1991
- Secondary manufacturer: Billur
- The manufacturing process followed Soviet integrated circuit designation standards
- The series is also known by the alias "Тропа-1" (Tropa-1)

### Applications and Usage
- Used in the Argon system (also referred to as Аргон-1)
- Utilized in the OTR-21 Tochka mobile tactical ballistic missile system
- The "Tropa" technology used in these circuits was specifically designed for these applications

### Technical Classification
- Instance of: integrated circuit series
- Subclass of: resistor–transistor logic, hybrid integrated circuit
- Country of origin: Soviet Union
- The circuits represent an early form of Soviet digital logic technology

### Documentation and References
- Information about the 201 series is primarily available through a dedicated webpage (http://www.155la3.ru/k201.htm)
- The series has one sitelink available in the knowledge base
- Common image representations are available on Wikimedia Commons

## References

1. [Source](http://www.155la3.ru/k201.htm)
2. Q135902246