# 165 series integrated circuits > MOS clock generators for calculators **Wikidata**: [Q131727740](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131727740) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/165-series-integrated-circuits ## Summary The 165 series integrated circuits are a Soviet-era model series of MOS clock generator integrated circuits designed specifically for use in calculators. Developed by NPO Krystall (КНИИМП) and manufactured by companies like SPP Kvazar and Rodon, this series is a subclass of clock generator ICs and is directly connected to the 145 series integrated circuits. ## Key Facts - **Instance Of:** Integrated circuit series. - **Subclass Of:** Clock generator. - **Primary Function:** MOS clock generators for calculators. - **Developer:** NPO Krystall, with the qualifier indicating the specific institute КНИИМП. - **Manufacturer:** SPP Kvazar and Rodon. - **Primary Application:** Used by calculators. - **Connected Series:** Connects with the 145 series integrated circuits. - **Country of Origin:** Soviet Union. - **Commons Category:** 165 series integrated circuits. - **Wikidata Description:** MOS clock generators for calculators. - **Representative Image:** Available at `https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/К165ГФ1_тактовый_генератор,_Квазар_1976_(01).jpg`. - **Sitelink Count:** 1 (on Wikidata). - **Wikipedia Languages:** Commons (indicating primary documentation is on Wikimedia Commons). ## FAQs **What is the primary function of the 165 series integrated circuits?** The 165 series consists of MOS clock generator integrated circuits. Their specific design purpose was to provide timing signals for calculator operations, managing the clock cycles necessary for computational tasks. **Which organizations were involved in the development and production of the 165 series?** Development was led by NPO Krystall, specifically its КНИИМП institute. Manufacturing was carried out by industrial producers including SPP Kvazar and Rodon, which were key Soviet electronics manufacturers. **How is the 165 series related to other integrated circuit families?** The 165 series has a defined connection to the 145 series integrated circuits. This relationship suggests they were part of a broader ecosystem of supporting components, likely for complementary functions within calculator or similar electronic systems. **Where was the 165 series created and used?** The series originated in the Soviet Union. Its entire design, development, and manufacturing lifecycle was contained within the Soviet electronics industry, and its intended application was for Soviet-made calculators. ## Why It Matters The 165 series represents a critical component in the Soviet consumer electronics and calculator industry. As dedicated MOS clock generators, they solved the fundamental timing and synchronization problem essential for the operation of electronic calculators. Their existence highlights the specialization and vertical integration of the Soviet semiconductor sector, where specific institutes like КНИИМП designed components that were then produced by state factories like SPP Kvazar. This series, and its connection to the 145 series, illustrates how complex electronic systems like calculators were built from families of interoperable, domestically produced integrated circuits, reducing reliance on foreign technology. They are a tangible example of the technological infrastructure supporting Soviet-era computing and electronics. ## Notable For - **Specialized Application:** It is a distinct series designed exclusively as clock generators for calculators, not general-purpose timing ICs. - **Soviet Industrial Context:** It is a product of the Soviet planned economy's electronics sector, developed by a specific research institute (КНИИМП) and manufactured by named state enterprises (SPP Kvazar, Rodon). - **Ecosystem Integration:** It has a documented, specific connection to another IC series (the 145 series), indicating it was part of a coordinated family of components for a complete system. - **Documentation:** It has a dedicated commons category and a specific, identified example image (К165ГФ1), providing clear visual and categorical identification within historical archives. ## Body ### Technical Classification and Definition The 165 series is formally classified as an **integrated circuit series**. This means it is a model series comprising multiple individual IC part numbers that share a common prefix, in this case "165". Within this series classification, its specific technical role is as a **clock generator**. More precisely, it is a **MOS clock generator**, indicating it uses Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor transistor technology to produce the clock signals required for sequential logic operations. Its entire design purpose, as stated in its Wikidata description, was for **calculators**. ### Development and Production Lineage The intellectual origin of the 165 series lies with its **developer**, **NPO Krystall**. The qualifier `'P1810': 'КНИИМП'` specifies that the design work was performed by the КНИИМП institute, which was part of NPO Krystall. КНИИМП (Kursk Research Institute of Measuring Instruments) was a known Soviet design bureau for electronic components. Physical production was handled by manufacturing plants. The named **manufacturers** are **SPP Kvazar** and **Rodon**. SPP Kvazar (often just "Kvazar") was a major Soviet semiconductor factory, and Rodon was another significant producer, indicating the series entered mass production. ### Application and System Integration The **used_by** property explicitly states the target application domain: **calculators**. This confirms the series was not a general-purpose component but was optimized for the timing requirements of electronic calculator circuits. Its integration into calculator systems is further defined by its relationship to another component family. It **connects_with** the **145 series integrated circuits**. This connection implies functional interoperability; the 165 clock generators likely provided timing for logic or arithmetic operations performed by ICs in the 145 series, forming a complete calculator chipset. ### Geographic and Historical Context The **country_of_origin** is unequivocally the **Soviet Union**. This places the 165 series within the context of the USSR's independent and isolated semiconductor industry, which developed its own component standards and series (like the 100-series, 300-series, etc.) separate from Western equivalents like the 7400 TTL or 4000 CMOS series. The existence of a dedicated **commons category** ("165 series integrated circuits") and a specific, dated image (`К165ГФ1_тактовый_генератор,_Квазар_1976_(01).jpg`) on Wikimedia Commons provides archival evidence of its physical existence and historical documentation. The filename suggests a part number К165ГФ1 and a possible production or documentation year of 1976, though the source material does not explicitly state this as a series founding date. ### Knowledge Representation Metadata Within the structured data ecosystem (specifically Wikidata), this entity has a **sitelink_count** of **1**, meaning it is linked to exactly one page on a Wikimedia project (in this case, Commons). Its **wikipedia_languages** value is "commons", confirming that the primary encyclopedic documentation for this series resides on Wikimedia Commons, not on a Wikipedia article in any language. The **wikidata_description** ("MOS clock generators for calculators") serves as the concise, human-readable definition used across the linked data web.